{"id":1104,"date":"2022-04-03T13:58:45","date_gmt":"2022-04-03T13:58:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/workaddiction.org\/?page_id=1104"},"modified":"2023-01-05T06:41:32","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T06:41:32","slug":"definitions-symptoms","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/is_is\/definitions-symptoms\/","title":{"rendered":"Skilgreiningar og einkenni"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1104\" class=\"elementor elementor-1104\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ffa189 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ffa189\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4d6abe3\" data-id=\"4d6abe3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7630cac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7630cac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.2 - 04-04-2022 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Skilgreining og einkenni<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ee9af73 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ee9af73\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-be9811d\" data-id=\"be9811d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40109c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"40109c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.2 - 04-04-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>Eins og er vinna v\u00edsindamenn a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00f3a almenna skilgreiningu \u00e1 vinnuf\u00edkn sem atferlisf\u00edkn. Sl\u00edk skilgreining sem l\u00fdsir mikilv\u00e6gum einkennum vinnuf\u00edknar getur veri\u00f0 gagnleg vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00f3a opinber vi\u00f0mi\u00f0 til a\u00f0 greina \u00feessa erfi\u00f0u heg\u00f0un.<\/p><p>Hinga\u00f0 til hafa nokkur greiningareinkenni vinnuf\u00edknar, skilgreind innan kl\u00edn\u00edskra ramma, veri\u00f0 ranns\u00f6ku\u00f0 v\u00edsindalega. Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur ranns\u00f3knanna sty\u00f0ja \u00fe\u00e1 hugmynd a\u00f0 \u00feetta s\u00e9u gild vi\u00f0mi\u00f0 til a\u00f0 vi\u00f0urkenna vinnuf\u00edkn:\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>\u00de\u00fa hugsar st\u00f6\u00f0ugt um vinnuna \u00fe\u00edna e\u00f0a \u00fe\u00fa skipuleggur vinnuna \u00fe\u00edna allan t\u00edmann e\u00f0a \u00fe\u00fa hugsar um hvernig \u00fe\u00fa getur losa\u00f0 meiri t\u00edma til a\u00f0 vinna.<\/li><li>\u00de\u00fa ey\u00f0ir miklu meiri t\u00edma \u00ed vinnu en \u00e6tla\u00f0 var \u00ed upphafi e\u00f0a \u00fe\u00fa finnur \u00feig kn\u00fainn til a\u00f0 gera meira og meira og vinna meira og meira.<\/li><li>\u00de\u00fa vinnur \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed skyni a\u00f0 draga \u00far sektarkennd, kv\u00ed\u00f0a, hj\u00e1lparleysi og \u00feunglyndi, e\u00f0a \u00fe\u00fa vinnur a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 gleyma pers\u00f3nulegum vandam\u00e1lum \u00fe\u00ednum.<\/li><li>\u00de\u00e9r hefur veri\u00f0 sagt af \u00f6\u00f0rum a\u00f0 draga \u00far vinnu \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 hlusta \u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 e\u00f0a \u00feig <span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\u00e1rangurslaust<\/span> reynt a\u00f0 draga \u00far vinnut\u00edmanum.<\/li><li>\u00de\u00fa ver\u00f0ur stressa\u00f0ur ef \u00fe\u00e9r er banna\u00f0 a\u00f0 vinna.<\/li><li>\u00de\u00fa setur vinnu fram yfir \u00e1hugam\u00e1l, t\u00f3mstundir og hreyfingu.<\/li><li><p>\u00de\u00fa vinnur svo miki\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 hefur haft neikv\u00e6\u00f0 \u00e1hrif \u00e1 heilsu \u00fe\u00edna e\u00f0a svefn.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Mikilv\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 ekki \u00e6tti a\u00f0 me\u00f0h\u00f6ndla \u00feetta \u00ed einangrun, sem \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 eitt einkenni \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir ekki a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fa s\u00e9rt h\u00e1\u00f0ur. Hins vegar, ef \u00fe\u00fa \u00e1ttar \u00feig \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 f\u00e1 e\u00f0a \u00f6ll einkennin koma fram getur \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fdtt a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fa s\u00e9rt \u00ed h\u00e6ttu \u00e1 vinnuf\u00edkn e\u00f0a a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fa s\u00e9rt h\u00e1\u00f0ur vinnu.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>SKILGREINING<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>Br\u00e1\u00f0abirg\u00f0askilgreining \u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p7.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stungi\u00f0 var upp \u00e1 vinnuf\u00edkn sem atferlisf\u00edkn.<\/a> \u00deessi skilgreining tekur tillit til algengra \u00fe\u00e1tta \u00ed skilgreiningum \u00e1 f\u00edkn og er \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 flestar till\u00f6gur og almennt vi\u00f0urkenndar skilgreiningar \u00e1 atferlisf\u00edkn hinga\u00f0 til (Grant, Potenza, Weinstein og Gorelick, 2010; Griffiths, 1996, 2005; Holden, 2001 ; Karderfelt-Winther o.fl., 2017). \u00deessir sameiginlegu \u00fe\u00e6ttir eru:<\/p><ul><li>\u00fe\u00e1tttaka \u00ed heg\u00f0uninni til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 fram lystar\u00e1hrifum (td s\u00e1rsaukaminnkun, \u00e1hrifaaukning, \u00f6rvunarstj\u00f3rnun og\/e\u00f0a fantas\u00edur),<\/li><li>algj\u00f6r upptekin af heg\u00f0uninni,<\/li><li>missi stj\u00f3rn, og<\/li><li>\u00fej\u00e1st af neikv\u00e6\u00f0um aflei\u00f0ingum.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00deessir \u00fe\u00e6ttir eru einnig a\u00f0 miklu leyti \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 flestar n\u00faverandi skilgreiningar \u00e1 vinnuf\u00edkn, sem fela \u00ed s\u00e9r \u00fe\u00e6tti upptekinnar af vinnu\/\u00e1r\u00e1ttu e\u00f0a vinnuf\u00edkn, og neikv\u00e6\u00f0ar aflei\u00f0ingar of mikillar vinnu (Andreassen &amp; Pallesen, 2016; Fassel, 1992 ; Griffiths, 2011; Oates, 1971; Robinson, 2014, Schaufeli, Taris og Bakker, 2006; Spence &amp; Robbins, 1992; Taris, Schaufeli og Verhoeven, 2005; fyrir yfirlit, sj\u00e1 Andreassen, 2014; Murray, 2012; Sussman, 2012).<\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u00deess vegna er vinnuf\u00edkn skilgreind \u00e1 eftirfarandi h\u00e1tt:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><div id=\"S2a\" class=\"section\"><h3 id=\"d835108e719\">A hluti (almenn skilgreining)<\/h3><p><em>Vinnuf\u00edkn einkennist af: <\/em><\/p><ul><li><em>a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>vinnu\u00fevingun<\/strong><\/span> og upptekin af vinnu<\/em><\/li><li><em> lei\u00f0ir til a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>verulegum ska\u00f0a og vanl\u00ed\u00f0an af starfsemissker\u00f0andi e\u00f0li<\/strong><\/span> einstaklingnum og\/e\u00f0a \u00f6\u00f0rum verulega vi\u00f0eigandi samb\u00f6ndum (vinum og fj\u00f6lskyldu).<\/em><\/li><\/ul><p><em> Heg\u00f0unin einkennist af: <\/em><\/p><ul><li><em>the <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>missi stj\u00f3rn<\/strong><\/span> yfir starfsvirkni og <\/em><\/li><li><em><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">vi\u00f0varandi<\/span><\/strong> \u00e1 verulegu t\u00edmabili. <\/em><\/li><\/ul><p><em>\u00deessi erfi\u00f0a vinnutengda heg\u00f0un getur haft <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>mismunandi styrkleiki fr\u00e1 v\u00e6gum til alvarlegum<\/strong><\/span>.<\/em><\/p><\/div><div id=\"S2b\" class=\"section\"><h3 id=\"d835108e729\">Hluti B (vi\u00f0b\u00f3tars\u00e9rt\u00e6k einkenni)<\/h3><p><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Tap \u00e1 stj\u00f3rn<\/strong><\/span> yfir starfsvirkni felur \u00ed s\u00e9r:<\/em><\/p><ul><li><em>vinna meira en \u00e1\u00e6tla\u00f0 var \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir neikv\u00e6\u00f0ar aflei\u00f0ingar og\/e\u00f0a<\/em><\/li><li><em> \u00e1rangurslausar tilraunir til a\u00f0 draga \u00far virkni og\/e\u00f0a<\/em><\/li><li><em> stigvaxandi aukinn t\u00edma sem vari\u00f0 er til vinnu. <\/em><\/li><\/ul><p><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Fr\u00e1hvarfseinkenni<\/strong><\/span> (\u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al pirringur, neikv\u00e6\u00f0ar tilfinningar, svefnvandam\u00e1l osfrv.) eru:<\/em><\/p><ul><li><em>t\u00ed\u00f0 ef fyrirhuga\u00f0\/\u00e6skilegt vinnumagn er hindra\u00f0 e\u00f0a <\/em><\/li><li><em>koma fram \u00feegar reynt er a\u00f0 draga \u00far vinnumagni. <\/em><\/li><\/ul><p><em>Vinnustarfsemin er oft til \u00feess fallin a\u00f0 draga \u00far neikv\u00e6\u00f0um tilfinningum og\/e\u00f0a for\u00f0ast mannleg og\/e\u00f0a \u00e1t\u00f6k innan einstaklings.<\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>GREININGARFR\u00c6\u00d0INGAR<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>Til a\u00f0 takast \u00e1 vi\u00f0 vandam\u00e1li\u00f0 um mismunandi stig erfi\u00f0rar heg\u00f0unar, v\u00e6ri h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 nota undirflokka v\u00e6grar, mi\u00f0lungs og alvarlegrar vinnuf\u00edknar \u00e1 hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0an h\u00e1tt vi\u00f0 \u00feau greiningarvi\u00f0mi\u00f0 sem n\u00fa eru notu\u00f0 fyrir \u00e1fengisneyslur\u00f6skun (<a id=\"ref_B1\" href=\"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p7.xml#B1\">American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013<\/a>). Taka skal tillit til kosta og galla \u00feessarar a\u00f0fer\u00f0ar (<a id=\"ref_B14\" href=\"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p7.xml#B14\">Babor og Caetano, 2008<\/a>;\u00a0<a id=\"ref_B34\" href=\"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p7.xml#B34\">Hasin, 2012<\/a>;\u00a0<a id=\"ref_B55\" href=\"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p7.xml#B55\">O&#039;Brien, 2011<\/a>;\u00a0<a id=\"ref_B87\" href=\"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p7.xml#B87\">Wakefield, 2015<\/a>).<\/p><p>\u00deegar kemur a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnleysi, sem er grundvallaratri\u00f0i \u00ed allri f\u00edkn, \u00fearf a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta s\u00e9rstakrar var\u00fa\u00f0ar til a\u00f0 greina \u00e1 milli \u00feeirrar eftirlits\u00fearfar sem framkv\u00e6mt er \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 vinna sj\u00e1lft starfi\u00f0, sem einkennir marga vinnuf\u00edkla, og missi stj\u00f3rn \u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6ku \u00ed starfi og verulega skertri getu til a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rna \u00f6\u00f0rum \u00fe\u00e1ttum \u00ed daglegu l\u00edfi s\u00ednu (sj\u00e1\u00a0<a id=\"ref_B30\" href=\"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p7.xml#B30\">Griffiths, 2013<\/a>). \u00cd einhverjum skilningi er \u00fea\u00f0 \u00f3virkur m\u00e1lami\u00f0lun \u00e1 milli \u00feess a\u00f0 auka stj\u00f3rn \u00e1 vinnunni og missa hana yfir \u00f6llum \u00f6\u00f0rum \u00fe\u00e1ttum l\u00edfsins. \u00dea\u00f0 er a\u00f0 vissu leyti svipa\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed sem s\u00e9st, til d\u00e6mis vi\u00f0 lystarstol, en \u00fe\u00e1 leggur einstaklingur miki\u00f0 \u00e1 sig til a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rna f\u00e6\u00f0uinnt\u00f6ku og ver\u00f0ur \u00e1 sama t\u00edma fyrir verulegum heilsufarslegum aflei\u00f0ingum og getur lent \u00ed vandr\u00e6\u00f0um \u00e1 m\u00f6rgum \u00f6\u00f0rum svi\u00f0um. l\u00edfi\u00f0.<\/p><p>\u00deetta tap \u00e1 stj\u00f3rn \u00e1 starfi g\u00e6ti endurspeglast \u00ed misheppnu\u00f0um tilraunum til a\u00f0 draga \u00far heg\u00f0uninni. Hins vegar \u00fearf a\u00f0 taka tillit til \u00feess a\u00f0 f\u00edkn er sterklega tengd afneitun og flestir \u00feeirra sem \u00feurfa a\u00f0sto\u00f0 vi\u00f0urkenna aldrei \u00feessa sta\u00f0reynd e\u00f0a reyna ekki a\u00f0 draga \u00far heg\u00f0uninni (<a id=\"ref_B25\" href=\"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p7.xml#B25\">Goldstein o.fl., 2009<\/a>).<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Skilgreining og einkenni Eins og er vinna v\u00edsindamenn a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00f3a almenna skilgreiningu \u00e1 vinnuf\u00edkn sem atferlisf\u00edkn. Sl\u00edk skilgreining sem l\u00fdsir mikilv\u00e6gum einkennum vinnuf\u00edknar getur veri\u00f0 gagnleg vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00f3a opinber vi\u00f0mi\u00f0 til a\u00f0 greina \u00feessa erfi\u00f0u heg\u00f0un. Hinga\u00f0 til hafa nokkur greiningareinkenni vinnuf\u00edknar, skilgreind innan kl\u00edn\u00edskra ramma, veri\u00f0 ranns\u00f6ku\u00f0 v\u00edsindalega. \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/is_is\/definitions-symptoms\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Skilgreiningar og einkenni<\/span> Lestu meira &quot;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/is_is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1104"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/is_is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/is_is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/is_is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/is_is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1104"}],"version-history":[{"count":98,"href":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/is_is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1104\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4847,"href":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/is_is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1104\/revisions\/4847"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/is_is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}