{"id":1104,"date":"2022-04-03T13:58:45","date_gmt":"2022-04-03T13:58:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/workaddiction.org\/?page_id=1104"},"modified":"2023-01-05T06:41:32","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T06:41:32","slug":"definitions-symptoms","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/ro\/definitions-symptoms\/","title":{"rendered":"Defini\u021bii \u0219i simptome"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1104\" class=\"elementor elementor-1104\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ffa189 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ffa189\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4d6abe3\" data-id=\"4d6abe3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7630cac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7630cac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.2 - 04-04-2022 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Defini\u021bie \u0219i simptome<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ee9af73 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ee9af73\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-be9811d\" data-id=\"be9811d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40109c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"40109c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.2 - 04-04-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cen prezent, cercet\u0103torii lucreaz\u0103 la dezvoltarea unei defini\u021bii larg recunoscute a dependen\u021bei de munc\u0103 ca dependen\u021b\u0103 comportamental\u0103. O astfel de defini\u021bie care descrie simptomele cruciale ale dependen\u021bei de munc\u0103 poate fi util\u0103 \u00een dezvoltarea criteriilor oficiale pentru diagnosticarea acestui comportament problematic.<\/p><p>P\u00e2n\u0103 acum, au fost investigate \u0219tiin\u021bific mai multe simptome de diagnostic ale dependen\u021bei de munc\u0103 definite \u00een cadrul clinic. Rezultatele studiilor sus\u021bin ideea c\u0103 acestea sunt criterii valide pentru recunoa\u0219terea dependen\u021bei de munc\u0103:\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Te g\u00e2nde\u0219ti constant la munca ta sau \u00ee\u021bi planifici munca tot timpul sau te g\u00e2nde\u0219ti la cum po\u021bi elibera mai mult timp pentru munc\u0103.<\/li><li>Petreci mult mai mult timp muncind dec\u00e2t s-a inten\u021bionat ini\u021bial sau te sim\u021bi obligat s\u0103 faci din ce \u00een ce mai mult \u0219i s\u0103 lucrezi din ce \u00een ce mai mult.<\/li><li>Lucrezi pentru a reduce sentimentele de vinov\u0103\u021bie, anxietate, neputin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i depresie sau lucrezi pentru a uita de problemele tale personale.<\/li><li>Al\u021bii vi s-au spus s\u0103 reduce\u021bi munca f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103-i asculta\u021bi pe ei sau pe tine <span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">f\u0103r\u0103 succes<\/span> a \u00eencercat s\u0103 reduc\u0103 timpul petrecut cu munca.<\/li><li>Devii stresat dac\u0103 \u021bi se interzice munca.<\/li><li>Da\u021bi prioritate muncii fa\u021b\u0103 de hobby-uri, activit\u0103\u021bi de petrecere a timpului liber \u0219i exerci\u021bii fizice.<\/li><li><p>Munci\u021bi at\u00e2t de mult \u00eenc\u00e2t v-a influen\u021bat negativ s\u0103n\u0103tatea sau somnul.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Important este c\u0103 acestea nu trebuie tratate izolat, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 un singur simptom nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 e\u0219ti dependent. Cu toate acestea, dac\u0103 recunoa\u0219te\u021bi c\u0103 apar pu\u021bine sau toate simptomele, poate \u00eensemna c\u0103 sunte\u021bi \u00een pericol de dependen\u021b\u0103 de munc\u0103 sau c\u0103 sunte\u021bi dependent de munc\u0103.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>DEFINI\u021aIE<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>O defini\u021bie preliminar\u0103 a <a href=\"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p7.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a fost sugerat\u0103 dependen\u021ba de munc\u0103 ca dependen\u021b\u0103 comportamental\u0103.<\/a> Aceast\u0103 defini\u021bie ia \u00een considerare elemente comune ale defini\u021biilor dependen\u021belor \u0219i este congruent\u0103 cu majoritatea defini\u021biilor sugerate \u0219i larg recunoscute ale unei dependen\u021be comportamentale p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent (Grant, Potenza, Weinstein \u0219i Gorelick, 2010; Griffiths, 1996, 2005; Holden, 2001). Karderfelt-Winther et al., 2017). Aceste elemente comune sunt:<\/p><ul><li>implicarea \u00een comportament pentru a ob\u021bine efecte apetitive (de exemplu, reducerea durerii, \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea afectului, manipularea excit\u0103rii \u0219i\/sau fantezie),<\/li><li>preocupare total\u0103 pentru comportament,<\/li><li>pierderea controlului \u0219i<\/li><li>suferind consecinte negative.<\/li><\/ul><p>Aceste elemente sunt, de asemenea, \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 congruente cu majoritatea defini\u021biilor existente ale dependen\u021bei de munc\u0103, care includ elementele de preocupare pentru munc\u0103\/obliga\u021bie sau dependen\u021b\u0103 de munc\u0103 \u0219i consecin\u021bele negative ale muncii excesive (Andreassen &amp; Pallesen, 2016; Fassel, 1992). ; Griffiths, 2011; Oates, 1971; Robinson, 2014, Schaufeli, Taris \u0219i Bakker, 2006; Spence \u0219i Robbins, 1992; Taris, Schaufeli \u0219i Verhoeven, 2005; pentru o prezentare general\u0103, a se vedea Andreassen, Karanika &amp; Griffith, 2005. Murray, 2012; Sussman, 2012).<\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Prin urmare, dependen\u021ba de munc\u0103 este definit\u0103 \u00een felul urm\u0103tor:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><div id=\"S2a\" class=\"section\"><h3 id=\"d835108e719\">Partea A (defini\u021bie general\u0103)<\/h3><p><em>Dependen\u021ba de munc\u0103 se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin: <\/em><\/p><ul><li><em>A <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>constr\u00e2ngere de a munci<\/strong><\/span> \u0219i preocuparea pentru activit\u0103\u021bile de munc\u0103<\/em><\/li><li><em> conduc\u00e2nd la a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>v\u0103t\u0103m\u0103ri \u0219i suferin\u021be semnificative de natur\u0103 afectatoare din punct de vedere func\u021bional<\/strong><\/span> la individ \u0219i\/sau la alte rela\u021bii semnificativ relevante (prieteni \u0219i familie).<\/em><\/li><\/ul><p><em> Comportamentul se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin: <\/em><\/p><ul><li><em>cel <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>pierderea controlului<\/strong><\/span> asupra activit\u0103\u0163ii de munc\u0103 \u015fi <\/em><\/li><li><em><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">persist\u0103<\/span><\/strong> pe o perioad\u0103 semnificativ\u0103 de timp. <\/em><\/li><\/ul><p><em>Acest comportament problematic legat de munc\u0103 poate avea <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>intensitate variabil\u0103 de la u\u015foar\u0103 la sever\u0103<\/strong><\/span>.<\/em><\/p><\/div><div id=\"S2b\" class=\"section\"><h3 id=\"d835108e729\">Partea B (simptome specifice complementare)<\/h3><p><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Pierderea controlului<\/strong><\/span> peste activitatea de munca presupune:<\/em><\/p><ul><li><em>lucr\u00e2nd mai mult dec\u00e2t era planificat, \u00een ciuda consecin\u021bei negative \u0219i\/sau<\/em><\/li><li><em> \u00eencerc\u0103ri nereu\u0219ite de reducere a activit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i\/sau<\/em><\/li><li><em> cre\u0219terea progresiv\u0103 a timpului petrecut \u00een munc\u0103. <\/em><\/li><\/ul><p><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Simptome de sevraj<\/strong><\/span> (inclusiv iritabilitate, sentimente negative, probleme de somn etc.) sunt:<\/em><\/p><ul><li><em>frecvent\u0103 dac\u0103 cantitatea de munc\u0103 planificat\u0103\/dorit\u0103 este \u00eempiedicat\u0103 sau <\/em><\/li><li><em>apar atunci c\u00e2nd se \u00eentreprind \u00eencerc\u0103ri de reducere a volumului de munc\u0103. <\/em><\/li><\/ul><p><em>Activitatea de munc\u0103 serve\u0219te adesea la reducerea sentimentelor negative \u0219i\/sau la evitarea conflictelor interpersonale \u0219i\/sau intrapersonale.<\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>CONSIDERA\u021aII DE DIAGNOSTIC<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>Pentru a aborda problema diferitelor niveluri de comportament problematic, subclasele de dependen\u021b\u0103 de munc\u0103 u\u0219oar\u0103, moderat\u0103 \u0219i sever\u0103 ar putea fi utilizate \u00een mod analog cu criteriile de diagnostic utilizate \u00een prezent pentru tulburarea de consum de alcool (<a id=\"ref_B1\" href=\"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p7.xml#B1\">Asocia\u021bia American\u0103 de Psihiatrie [APA], 2013<\/a>). Avantajele \u0219i dezavantajele acestei abord\u0103ri trebuie luate \u00een considerare (<a id=\"ref_B14\" href=\"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p7.xml#B14\">Babor \u0219i Caetano, 2008<\/a>;\u00a0<a id=\"ref_B34\" href=\"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p7.xml#B34\">Hasin, 2012<\/a>;\u00a0<a id=\"ref_B55\" href=\"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p7.xml#B55\">O&#039;Brien, 2011<\/a>;\u00a0<a id=\"ref_B87\" href=\"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p7.xml#B87\">Wakefield, 2015<\/a>).<\/p><p>C\u00e2nd vine vorba de pierderea controlului, care este fundamental\u0103 pentru toate dependen\u021bele, trebuie s\u0103 se acorde o aten\u021bie deosebit\u0103 pentru a distinge \u00eentre nevoia de control executat\u0103 \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu efectuarea muncii \u00een sine, care este caracteristic\u0103 multor dependen\u021bi de munc\u0103, \u0219i pierderea controlul asupra gradului de implicare \u00een munc\u0103 \u0219i capacitatea redus\u0103 semnificativ de a controla alte aspecte ale vie\u021bii lor de zi cu zi (vezi\u00a0<a id=\"ref_B30\" href=\"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p7.xml#B30\">Griffiths, 2013<\/a>). \u00centr-un anumit sens, este un compromis disfunc\u021bional \u00eentre cre\u0219terea controlului asupra muncii \u0219i pierderea acestuia asupra oric\u0103rui alt aspect al vie\u021bii. Este \u00eentr-o oarecare m\u0103sur\u0103 similar cu cel observat, de exemplu, \u00een anorexia nervoas\u0103, caz \u00een care o persoan\u0103 depune mult efort pentru a controla aportul alimentar \u0219i, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, sufer\u0103 consecin\u021be semnificative asupra s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii \u0219i poate \u00eent\u00e2mpina probleme \u00een multe alte sfere ale via\u0163\u0103.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 pierdere a controlului asupra activit\u0103\u021bii de lucru s-ar putea reflecta \u00een \u00eencerc\u0103ri nereu\u0219ite de reducere a comportamentului. Cu toate acestea, trebuie luat \u00een considerare faptul c\u0103 dependen\u021ba este str\u00e2ns legat\u0103 de negare \u0219i majoritatea celor care au nevoie de ajutor nu recunosc niciodat\u0103 acest fapt sau nu \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 reduc\u0103 comportamentul (<a id=\"ref_B25\" href=\"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p7.xml#B25\">Goldstein \u0219i colab., 2009<\/a>).<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Defini\u021bie \u0219i simptome \u00cen prezent, cercet\u0103torii lucreaz\u0103 la dezvoltarea unei defini\u021bii larg recunoscute a dependen\u021bei de munc\u0103 ca dependen\u021b\u0103 comportamental\u0103. O astfel de defini\u021bie care descrie simptomele cruciale ale dependen\u021bei de munc\u0103 poate fi util\u0103 \u00een dezvoltarea criteriilor oficiale pentru diagnosticarea acestui comportament problematic. P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent, au fost investigate \u0219tiin\u021bific mai multe simptome de diagnostic ale dependen\u021bei de munc\u0103 definite \u00een cadrul clinic. \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/ro\/definitions-symptoms\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Defini\u021bii \u0219i simptome<\/span> Cite\u015fte mai mult &quot;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1104"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1104"}],"version-history":[{"count":98,"href":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1104\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4847,"href":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1104\/revisions\/4847"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}