{"id":1104,"date":"2022-04-03T13:58:45","date_gmt":"2022-04-03T13:58:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/workaddiction.org\/?page_id=1104"},"modified":"2023-01-05T06:41:32","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T06:41:32","slug":"definitions-symptoms","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/sk\/definitions-symptoms\/","title":{"rendered":"Defin\u00edcie a sympt\u00f3my"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1104\" class=\"elementor elementor-1104\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ffa189 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ffa189\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4d6abe3\" data-id=\"4d6abe3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7630cac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7630cac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.2 - 04-04-2022 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Defin\u00edcia a sympt\u00f3my<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ee9af73 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ee9af73\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-be9811d\" data-id=\"be9811d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40109c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"40109c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.2 - 04-04-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti v\u00fdskumn\u00edci pracuj\u00fa na v\u00fdvoji v\u0161eobecne uzn\u00e1vanej defin\u00edcie pracovnej z\u00e1vislosti ako behavior\u00e1lnej z\u00e1vislosti. Tak\u00e1to defin\u00edcia popisuj\u00faca k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 sympt\u00f3my z\u00e1vislosti od pr\u00e1ce m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1 pri vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed ofici\u00e1lnych krit\u00e9ri\u00ed na diagnostikovanie tohto problematick\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vania.<\/p><p>Doteraz bolo vedecky sk\u00faman\u00fdch nieko\u013eko diagnostick\u00fdch sympt\u00f3mov pracovnej z\u00e1vislosti definovan\u00fdch v klinickom r\u00e1mci. V\u00fdsledky \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed podporuj\u00fa n\u00e1zor, \u017ee toto s\u00fa platn\u00e9 krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 na rozpoznanie pracovnej z\u00e1vislosti:\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Neust\u00e1le prem\u00fd\u0161\u013eate o svojej pr\u00e1ci, neust\u00e1le si pr\u00e1cu pl\u00e1nujete alebo prem\u00fd\u0161\u013eate o tom, ako si m\u00f4\u017eete uvo\u013eni\u0165 viac \u010dasu na pr\u00e1cu.<\/li><li>Tr\u00e1vite pr\u00e1cou ove\u013ea viac \u010dasu, ako ste p\u00f4vodne zam\u00fd\u0161\u013eali, alebo sa c\u00edtite n\u00faten\u00ed robi\u0165 st\u00e1le viac a pracova\u0165 st\u00e1le viac.<\/li><li>Pracujete, aby ste zn\u00ed\u017eili pocity viny, \u00fazkosti, bezmocnosti a depresie, alebo sa sna\u017e\u00edte zabudn\u00fa\u0165 na svoje osobn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my.<\/li><li>In\u00ed v\u00e1m povedali, aby ste obmedzili pr\u00e1cu bez toho, aby ste ich alebo v\u00e1s po\u010d\u00favali <span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">ne\u00faspe\u0161ne<\/span> sa pok\u00fasili zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 mno\u017estvo \u010dasu str\u00e1ven\u00e9ho pr\u00e1cou.<\/li><li>Stresujete sa, ak m\u00e1te z\u00e1kaz pracova\u0165.<\/li><li>Uprednost\u0148ujete pr\u00e1cu pred kon\u00ed\u010dkami, vo\u013eno\u010dasov\u00fdmi aktivitami a cvi\u010den\u00edm.<\/li><li><p>Pracujete to\u013eko, \u017ee to negat\u00edvne ovplyvnilo va\u0161e zdravie alebo sp\u00e1nok.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee by sa nemali lie\u010di\u0165 izolovane, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jeden sympt\u00f3m neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee ste z\u00e1visl\u00fd. Ak v\u0161ak spozn\u00e1te, \u017ee sa vyskytuje len m\u00e1lo alebo v\u0161etky pr\u00edznaky, m\u00f4\u017ee to znamena\u0165, \u017ee v\u00e1m hroz\u00ed z\u00e1vislos\u0165 od pr\u00e1ce alebo ste z\u00e1visl\u00ed od pr\u00e1ce.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>DEFIN\u00cdCIA<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>Predbe\u017en\u00e1 defin\u00edcia <a href=\"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p7.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bola navrhnut\u00e1 z\u00e1vislos\u0165 od pr\u00e1ce ako z\u00e1vislos\u0165 od spr\u00e1vania.<\/a> T\u00e1to defin\u00edcia berie do \u00favahy be\u017en\u00e9 prvky defin\u00edci\u00ed z\u00e1vislost\u00ed a je v s\u00falade s v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou navrhovan\u00fdch a \u0161iroko uzn\u00e1van\u00fdch defin\u00edci\u00ed behavior\u00e1lnej z\u00e1vislosti (Grant, Potenza, Weinstein a Gorelick, 2010; Griffiths, 1996, 2005; Holden, 2001 Karderfelt-Winther a kol., 2017). Tieto spolo\u010dn\u00e9 prvky s\u00fa:<\/p><ul><li>zapojenie do spr\u00e1vania s cie\u013eom dosiahnu\u0165 apetit\u00edvne \u00fa\u010dinky (napr. zn\u00ed\u017eenie bolesti, zosilnenie vplyvu, manipul\u00e1cia so vzru\u0161en\u00edm a\/alebo fant\u00e1zia),<\/li><li>\u00fapln\u00e9 zaujatie spr\u00e1van\u00edm,<\/li><li>strata kontroly a<\/li><li>trpia negat\u00edvnymi n\u00e1sledkami.<\/li><\/ul><p>Tieto prvky s\u00fa tie\u017e do zna\u010dnej miery v s\u00falade s v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou existuj\u00facich defin\u00edci\u00ed pracovnej z\u00e1vislosti, ktor\u00e9 zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa prvky zaujatosti pr\u00e1cou\/n\u00fakanie alebo z\u00e1vislos\u0165 od pr\u00e1ce a negat\u00edvne d\u00f4sledky nadmernej pr\u00e1ce (Andreassen &amp; Pallesen, 2016; Fassel, 1992). Griffiths, 2011; Oates, 1971; Robinson, 2014, Schaufeli, Taris, &amp; Bakker, 2006; Spence &amp; Robbins, 1992; Taris, Schaufeli, &amp; Verhoeven, 2005; preh\u013ead pozri Andreassen, 2014-Karaffiths-Karanika Murray, 2012; Sussman, 2012).<\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Preto je pracovn\u00e1 z\u00e1vislos\u0165 definovan\u00e1 takto:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><div id=\"S2a\" class=\"section\"><h3 id=\"d835108e719\">\u010cas\u0165 A (v\u0161eobecn\u00e1 defin\u00edcia)<\/h3><p><em>Pracovn\u00e1 z\u00e1vislos\u0165 je charakterizovan\u00e1: <\/em><\/p><ul><li><em>a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>nutkanie do pr\u00e1ce<\/strong><\/span> a zaujatie pracovn\u00fdmi \u010dinnos\u0165ami<\/em><\/li><li><em> ved\u00face k a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>v\u00fdznamn\u00fa ujmu a utrpenie funk\u010dne zhor\u0161uj\u00faceho charakteru<\/strong><\/span> k jednotlivcovi a\/alebo in\u00fdm v\u00fdznamne relevantn\u00fdm vz\u0165ahom (priatelia a rodina).<\/em><\/li><\/ul><p><em> Spr\u00e1vanie sa vyzna\u010duje: <\/em><\/p><ul><li><em>na <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>strata kontroly<\/strong><\/span> nad pracovnou \u010dinnos\u0165ou a <\/em><\/li><li><em><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">pretrv\u00e1va<\/span><\/strong> po\u010das v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho \u010dasov\u00e9ho obdobia. <\/em><\/li><\/ul><p><em>Toto problematick\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie s\u00favisiace s pr\u00e1cou m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>s r\u00f4znou intenzitou od miernej po \u0165a\u017ek\u00fa<\/strong><\/span>.<\/em><\/p><\/div><div id=\"S2b\" class=\"section\"><h3 id=\"d835108e729\">\u010cas\u0165 B (dopl\u0148uj\u00face \u0161pecifick\u00e9 sympt\u00f3my)<\/h3><p><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Strata kontroly<\/strong><\/span> nad pracovnou \u010dinnos\u0165ou zah\u0155\u0148a:<\/em><\/p><ul><li><em>pracova\u0165 viac, ako sa pl\u00e1novalo, napriek negat\u00edvnym d\u00f4sledkom a\/alebo<\/em><\/li><li><em> ne\u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9 pokusy o zn\u00ed\u017eenie aktivity a\/alebo<\/em><\/li><li><em> progres\u00edvne zvy\u0161ovanie \u010dasu str\u00e1ven\u00e9ho pr\u00e1cou. <\/em><\/li><\/ul><p><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Abstinen\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky<\/strong><\/span> (vr\u00e1tane podr\u00e1\u017edenosti, negat\u00edvnych pocitov, probl\u00e9mov so sp\u00e1nkom at\u010f.) s\u00fa:<\/em><\/p><ul><li><em>\u010dast\u00e9, ak sa br\u00e1ni pl\u00e1novan\u00e9mu\/po\u017eadovan\u00e9mu mno\u017estvu pr\u00e1ce resp <\/em><\/li><li><em>sa objavia pri pokusoch o zn\u00ed\u017eenie mno\u017estva pr\u00e1ce. <\/em><\/li><\/ul><p><em>Pracovn\u00e1 aktivita \u010dasto sl\u00fa\u017ei na zn\u00ed\u017eenie negat\u00edvnych pocitov a\/alebo na zamedzenie medzi\u013eudsk\u00fdch a\/alebo intraperson\u00e1lnych konfliktov.<\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>DIAGNOSTICK\u00c9 \u00daVAHY<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>Na rie\u0161enie problematiky r\u00f4znych \u00farovn\u00ed probl\u00e9mov\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vania je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 podtriedy mierna, stredn\u00e1 a \u0165a\u017ek\u00e1 pracovn\u00e1 z\u00e1vislos\u0165 analogicky k v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm diagnostick\u00fdm krit\u00e9ri\u00e1m poruchy z u\u017e\u00edvania alkoholu (<a id=\"ref_B1\" href=\"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p7.xml#B1\">Americk\u00e1 psychiatrick\u00e1 asoci\u00e1cia [APA], 2013<\/a>). Je potrebn\u00e9 vzia\u0165 do \u00favahy v\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody tohto pr\u00edstupu (<a id=\"ref_B14\" href=\"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p7.xml#B14\">Babor &amp; Caetano, 2008<\/a>;\u00a0<a id=\"ref_B34\" href=\"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p7.xml#B34\">Hasin, 2012<\/a>;\u00a0<a id=\"ref_B55\" href=\"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p7.xml#B55\">O&#039;Brien, 2011<\/a>;\u00a0<a id=\"ref_B87\" href=\"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p7.xml#B87\">Wakefield, 2015<\/a>).<\/p><p>Pokia\u013e ide o stratu kontroly, ktor\u00e1 je z\u00e1kladom v\u0161etk\u00fdch z\u00e1vislost\u00ed, je potrebn\u00e9 venova\u0165 osobitn\u00fa pozornos\u0165 tomu, aby sa rozli\u0161ovalo medzi potrebou kontroly vykon\u00e1vanej v s\u00favislosti s v\u00fdkonom samotnej pr\u00e1ce, ktor\u00e1 je charakteristick\u00e1 pre mnoh\u00fdch z\u00e1visl\u00fdch od pr\u00e1ce, a stratou kontrolu nad stup\u0148om zapojenia do pr\u00e1ce a v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017een\u00fa schopnos\u0165 kontrolova\u0165 ostatn\u00e9 aspekty ich ka\u017edodenn\u00e9ho \u017eivota (pozri\u00a0<a id=\"ref_B30\" href=\"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p7.xml#B30\">Griffiths, 2013<\/a>). V istom zmysle ide o nefunk\u010dn\u00fd kompromis medzi zvy\u0161ovan\u00edm kontroly nad pr\u00e1cou a jej stratou nad ka\u017ed\u00fdm \u010fal\u0161\u00edm aspektom \u017eivota. Je to do istej miery podobn\u00e9 tomu, ktor\u00fd sa pozoruje napr\u00edklad pri ment\u00e1lnej anorexii, v ktorej \u010dlovek vynaklad\u00e1 ve\u013ek\u00e9 \u00fasilie na kontrolu pr\u00edjmu potravy a z\u00e1rove\u0148 trp\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdmi zdravotn\u00fdmi n\u00e1sledkami a m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 probl\u00e9my v mnoh\u00fdch in\u00fdch oblastiach. \u017eivota.<\/p><p>T\u00e1to strata kontroly nad pracovnou \u010dinnos\u0165ou sa m\u00f4\u017ee prejavi\u0165 ne\u00faspe\u0161n\u00fdmi pokusmi o redukciu spr\u00e1vania. Je v\u0161ak potrebn\u00e9 vzia\u0165 do \u00favahy, \u017ee z\u00e1vislos\u0165 je silne spojen\u00e1 s popieran\u00edm a v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed potrebuj\u00fa pomoc, si t\u00fato skuto\u010dnos\u0165 nikdy neuvedomia alebo sa nesna\u017eia svoje spr\u00e1vanie obmedzi\u0165 (<a id=\"ref_B25\" href=\"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p7.xml#B25\">Goldstein a kol., 2009<\/a>).<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Defin\u00edcia a sympt\u00f3my V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti v\u00fdskumn\u00edci pracuj\u00fa na v\u00fdvoji v\u0161eobecne uzn\u00e1vanej defin\u00edcie pracovnej z\u00e1vislosti ako behavior\u00e1lnej z\u00e1vislosti. Tak\u00e1to defin\u00edcia popisuj\u00faca k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 sympt\u00f3my z\u00e1vislosti od pr\u00e1ce m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1 pri vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed ofici\u00e1lnych krit\u00e9ri\u00ed na diagnostikovanie tohto problematick\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vania. Doteraz bolo vedecky sk\u00faman\u00fdch nieko\u013eko diagnostick\u00fdch sympt\u00f3mov pracovnej z\u00e1vislosti definovan\u00fdch v klinickom r\u00e1mci. \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/sk\/definitions-symptoms\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Defin\u00edcie a sympt\u00f3my<\/span> \u010c\u00edtajte viac \u00bb<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1104"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1104"}],"version-history":[{"count":98,"href":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1104\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4847,"href":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1104\/revisions\/4847"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/workaddiction.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}